In applicazione della prima legge sulla robotica: Analisi dei rischi professionali associati ad un algoritmo/intelligenza artificiale che dirige il lavoro
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2421-2695/10237Parole chiave:
Occupational risk prevention, Artificial Intelligence to manage workers, automated decision making, people analytics, Big Data, algorithms to manage the workAbstract
È sempre più frequente l’impiego da parte delle imprese di meccanismi di intelligenza artificiale, più o meni avanzati per gestire il lavoro (organizzare i turni di lavoro, i tempi di produzione, disegnare le mansioni, assumere, valutare il lavoratore ed il suo licenziamento).
La tecnologia raccoglie le informazioni, le elabora e trova le migliori decisioni per l’ottimizzazione dell’impresa. E così, si sostituisce a figure come gli esperti delle relazioni umane assumendo la direzione del personale attraverso processi automatizzati o forme di più avanzate come l’intelligenza artificiale.
In questo lavoro si espongono i pericoli per la salute del lavoratore. Il controllo costante attraverso i sensori, l’intensificazione del lavoro derivante da decisioni prese da una macchina priva di empatia e di riconoscimento dei limiti umani, la riduzione di autonomia del lavoratore sottomesso a decisioni prese dall’intelligenza artificiale, le discriminazioni scaturenti da un apparente neutralità algoritmica così come gli errori di funzionamento possono provocare seri problemi alla salute psico-fisica del lavoratore.
Si tratta di rischi che possono ridursi attraverso una attenta politica di prevenzione. Partendo dall’assimilazione con i soggetti preposti alla supervisione dei lavoratori ed al relativo obbligo di formazione specifica, l’algoritmo deve essere programmato per evitare l’insorgenza di rischi professionali. In particolare, deve essere trasparente, adattato alle capacità reali dei lavoratori e rispettare la privacy del lavoratore.
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