Neuroderechos y Datos Neurale Hacia una Protección Jurídica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2421-2695/22316Palabras clave:
Neurotecnologías, Neuroderechos, Protección de neurodatos, Privacidad mental, libertad cognitivaResumen
El rápido desarrollo de las neurotecnologías –capaces de detectar, interpretar e influir en la actividad cerebral– plantea nuevos desafíos jurídicos, especialmente en el ámbito de la protección de los datos personales. Tecnologías como las interfaces cerebro-computadora, el electroencefalograma o la estimulación cerebral están ampliando su alcance más allá del contexto clínico, encontrando aplicación en los sectores laboral, educativo, lúdico y militar. Los datos derivados de la actividad cerebral, conocidos como neurodatos, plantean interrogantes inéditos sobre su naturaleza, clasificación y régimen jurídico, ya que revelan contenidos mentales profundos, a menudo inconscientes, vinculados a la identidad individual. Este trabajo analiza la adecuación del ordenamiento jurídico vigente, comenzando por el Reglamento UE 2016/679 (GDPR), en la regulación de dichos datos, subrayando la necesidad de un nuevo paradigma jurídico basado en el reconocimiento de los neuroderechos: libertad cognitiva, privacidad mental, identidad personal, equidad y no discriminación. Estos derechos son esenciales para proteger la mente como un espacio inviolable de dignidad y autonomía individual. Se presta especial atención al contexto laboral, donde la asimetría entre empleador y empleado hace que el consentimiento para el tratamiento de los neurodatos sea problemático y potencialmente viciado. En un momento histórico en que la mente es y será cada vez más accesible técnicamente, el artículo propone una regulación específica de los neurodatos como una categoría autónoma, respaldada por la adopción de estrategias de evaluación ética preventiva y la introducción de itinerarios educativos específicos, con el fin de salvaguardar la libertad de pensamiento y los derechos fundamentales en la sociedad neurodigital.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Francesco Di Tano
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
