Artificial intelligence in education. Opportunities, risks and regulations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60923/issn.2421-2695/23590Keywords:
Artificial intelligence, Teaching, Personalisation, AI Act, risksAbstract
This paper offers an interdisciplinary overview of the state of the art in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in education, analysing current trends and emerging critical issues. After presenting the main data on the adoption of AI in schools and universities in Italy, it reconstructs the contemporary debate on opportunities and risks: from the drive towards personalisation, support for educational design and inclusion, to concerns related to cognitive dependence, profiling, weakening of critical thinking, fragmentation of educational pathways and increased inequalities. The paper then examines the main international ethical frameworks, in particular UNESCO and the European Union, and analyses the 2025 Guidelines of the Ministry of Education and Merit, highlighting their principles and operational implications. It then focuses on EU Regulation 2024/1689 (AI Act), discussing its impact on educational contexts and the new responsibilities for schools and universities. The conclusions discuss some priorities and recommendations for the future of the education system.
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